Sigmund Freud
Born
Sigismund Schlomo Freud
Born - May 6, 1856, Birth Place - Czech Republic
Died - September 23, 1939, Death Place - England
Fields - Neurology, Psychotherapy, Psychoanalysis
Studied - University of Vienna
Contributions to Psychology - Free Association, Transference, Oedipus Complex, The Interpretation of Dreams, Repression, Unconscious, Id, Ego, Superego, Iibido, Death Drive, Neurotic
Carl Gustav Jung
Born - July 26, 1875, Birth Place - Switzerland
Died - June 6, 1961, Death Place - Switzerland
Fields - Psychiatry, Psychology, Psychotherapy, Analytical Psychology
Studied - University of Basel, Swiss Army
Contributions to psychology - Analytical psychology, Typology, Collective Unconscious, Psychoanalytical Complex, Archetype, Anima, Animus, Synchronicity
B. F. Skinner
Born - March 20, 1904, Birth Place - Pennsylvania
Died - August 18, 1990, Death Place - Massachusetts
Fields - Psychology, Linguistics, Philosophy
Studied - University of Minnesota, Indiana University, Harvard University
Contributions to Psychology - Operant Conditioning, Operant Conditioning Chamber, Radical Behaviorism
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1. Aaron T. Beck (1921–2021)
Known for: Cognitive Therapy, CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy)
Impact: Revolutionized treatment for depression and anxiety.
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2. Albert Bandura (1925–2021)
Known for: Social Learning Theory, self-efficacy
Impact: Emphasized observational learning and modeling.
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3. Daniel Kahneman (1934– )
Known for: Behavioral economics, decision-making psychology
Impact: Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences (2002), author of Thinking, Fast and Slow.
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4. Steven Pinker (1954– )
Known for: Language, cognition, evolutionary psychology
Impact: Popularized cognitive science; author of The Blank Slate.
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5. Elizabeth Loftus (1944– )
Known for: Memory, false memories, eyewitness testimony
Impact: Transformed understanding of memory's malleability.
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6. Martin Seligman (1942– )
Known for: Learned helplessness, Positive Psychology
Impact: Founder of the Positive Psychology movement.
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7. Judith Beck (1951– )
Known for: Cognitive therapy, daughter of Aaron Beck
Impact: Leading figure in psychotherapy training and CBT research.
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8. Carol Dweck (1946– )
Known for: Mindset theory (fixed vs. growth mindset)
Impact: Applied in education, motivation, personal development.
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9. Philip Zimbardo (1933– )
Known for: Stanford Prison Experiment, time perspective theory
Impact: Insight into power, authority, and ethical boundaries.
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10. Gabor Maté (1944– )
Known for: Trauma, addiction, holistic psychology
Impact: Blends psychology with spiritual and medical insights.
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11. Marsha Linehan (1943– )
Known for: Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)
Impact: Transformed treatment for borderline personality disorder.
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12. Bessel van der Kolk (1943– )
Known for: Trauma research
Impact: Author of The Body Keeps the Score, integrates neuroscience and body-based therapies.
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13. Jonathan Haidt (1963– )
Known for: Moral psychology, social intuitionism
Impact: Influential in political psychology and ethics.
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14. Jordan Peterson (1962– )
Known for: Personality theory, cultural commentary
Impact: Blends Jungian psychology with modern societal critique.
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15. Angela Duckworth (1970– )
Known for: Grit theory
Impact: Focuses on perseverance and long-term success.